What is multilateralism?

Multilateralism is often defined in opposition to bilateralism and unilateralism. Strictly speaking, it indicates a form of cooperation between at least three States.Nevertheless, this "quantitative" definition is not sufficient to capture the nature of multilateralism. Indeed, it is not simply a practice or a question of the number of actors involved. 

It involves adherence to a common political project based on the respect of a shared system of norms and values. In particular, multilateralism is based on founding principles such as consultation, inclusion and solidarity. 

Its operation is determined by collectively developed rules that ensure sustainable and effective cooperation. In particular, they guarantee all actors the same rights and obligations by applying themselves continuously (and not on a case-by-case basis, depending on the issue handled).

The benefits of multilateralism and diplomacy

The International Day of Multilateralism and Diplomacy for Peace is celebrated by a decision adopted on December 12, 2018 by resolution A/RES/73/127 of the UN General Assembly.

While respecting the relevant mandates and provisions of the Charter of the United Nations, an approach based on multilateralism and diplomacy can contribute to progress in the three main areas of the UN's activities — sustainable development, peace and security and human rights — which are interrelated and mutually complementary.
International norms and legal systems, which have been the result of the activities of the world community for seven decades, should help solve the growing problems of protectionism and isolationism. Global challenges such as climate change, geopolitical tensions, humanitarian and migration crises affect the values and interests of many countries and require a collective response. In addition, technological progress has also affected the political and socio-economic landscape and interstate relations.